{"id":28435,"date":"2022-12-02T08:10:56","date_gmt":"2022-12-02T08:10:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fipmed.co\/wet-fip-or-dry-fip-types-of-cat-fip\/"},"modified":"2025-01-21T08:36:50","modified_gmt":"2025-01-21T08:36:50","slug":"4-typy-fip-maciek","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fipmed.co\/sk\/4-typy-fip-maciek\/","title":{"rendered":"4 typy FIP ma\u010diek: mokr\u00e1 FIP, such\u00e1 FIP, o\u010dn\u00e1 FIP a neurologick\u00e1 FIP"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ma\u010dacia infek\u010dn\u00e1 peritonit\u00edda (FIP) je be\u017en\u00e9 a smrte\u013en\u00e9 ochorenie ma\u010diek. Nielen\u017ee m\u00e1 viacero variantov a m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u010dku postihn\u00fa\u0165 r\u00f4znymi sp\u00f4sobmi. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku budeme hovori\u0165 o r\u00f4znych typoch FIP, ktor\u00e9 sa m\u00f4\u017eu prejavi\u0165.<\/p>\n

Typy FIP u ma\u010diek<\/strong><\/h2>\n

FIP sa m\u00f4\u017ee prejavova\u0165 tromi r\u00f4znymi sp\u00f4sobmi: vlhkou, v\u00fdtokovou, exsudat\u00edvnou formou; suchou, granulomat\u00f3znou, parenchymat\u00f3znou, nev\u00fdtokovou formou; a zmie\u0161anou formou. Pre prv\u00fd typ je charakteristick\u00e1 fibrin\u00f3zna peritonit\u00edda, pleurit\u00edda alebo perikardit\u00edda s v\u00fdpotkami v bruchu, hrudn\u00edku a\/alebo perikarde. CNS a in\u00e9 org\u00e1ny vr\u00e1tane o\u010d\u00ed vykazuj\u00fa granulomat\u00f3zne zmeny pri druhom variante, pri ktorom ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa zjavn\u00e9 v\u00fdpotky. Ke\u010f\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 ma\u010dka s FIP vykazuje v\u00fdpotok v r\u00f4znej miere spolu s v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edmi alebo men\u0161\u00edmi granulomat\u00f3znymi zmenami org\u00e1nov, zistilo sa, \u017ee rozli\u0161ovanie medzi t\u00fdmito druhmi nie je u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 (a je prospe\u0161n\u00e9 len pre diagnostick\u00fa met\u00f3du). Formy sa tie\u017e m\u00f4\u017eu navz\u00e1jom meni\u0165. FIP tak m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 jednoducho u konkr\u00e9tnej ma\u010dky v ur\u010ditom okamihu viac alebo menej produkt\u00edvna alebo exsudat\u00edvna.<\/p>\n

Rozdiely medzi suchou a mokrou technol\u00f3giou FIP<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Neefekt\u00edvna „such\u00e1“ FIP<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pri „suchej“ alebo neefekt\u00edvnej FIP sa u niektor\u00fdch ma\u010diek hromad\u00ed len m\u00e1lo tekut\u00edn. Pri suchej forme s\u00fa o\u010di, mozog, pe\u010de\u0148, \u010drev\u00e1 alebo in\u00e9 telesn\u00e9 org\u00e1ny \u010dasto v\u00e1\u017ene zap\u00e1len\u00e9, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 mno\u017estvo klinick\u00fdch pr\u00edznakov. U mnoh\u00fdch ma\u010diek s neefekt\u00edvnou formou FIP s\u00fa o\u010dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my jedin\u00fdm klinick\u00fdm pr\u00edznakom. Ke\u010f sa choroba prejav\u00ed, u v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny postihnut\u00fdch sa stav r\u00fdchlo zhor\u0161\u00ed, ale niektor\u00e9 ma\u010dky m\u00f4\u017eu nieko\u013eko t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov norm\u00e1lne fungova\u0165. \u017dia\u013e, takmer ka\u017ed\u00fd pr\u00edpad ochorenia sa skon\u010d\u00ed smr\u0165ou. Len mal\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 ma\u010diek vystaven\u00fdch ma\u010daciemu koronav\u00edrusu, dokonca aj t\u00fdch, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa potenci\u00e1l sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 FIP<\/a>, je schopn\u00e1 vytvori\u0165 proti nemu obranu, \u010do vedie ku klinick\u00e9mu ochoreniu u v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny infikovan\u00fdch ma\u010diek. Ako v\u0161ak u\u017e bolo uveden\u00e9, tie, ktor\u00e9 ochorej\u00fa, takmer v\u017edy zomr\u00fa.<\/p>\n

Efekt\u00edvna „mokr\u00e1“ FIP<\/strong><\/p>\n

Charakteristick\u00fdm klinick\u00fdm pr\u00edznakom efuz\u00edvnej FIP je hromadenie tekutiny v hrudn\u00edku alebo bruchu, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017ee s\u0165a\u017eova\u0165 d\u00fdchanie. \u010eal\u0161\u00edmi pr\u00edznakmi s\u00fa nechutenstvo, hor\u00fa\u010dka, strata hmotnosti, \u017elta\u010dka a hna\u010dka.<\/p>\n

DIAGNOSTIKA MOKR\u00c9HO A SUCH\u00c9HO FIP <\/strong><\/h2>\n

Diagnostika efuz\u00edvnej FIP<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00fdtokov\u00fd typ ochorenia sa v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti diagnostikuje \u013eah\u0161ie ako kedysi. Effusive FIP sa d\u00e1 diagnostikova\u0165, ak sa vo vzorke v\u00fdpotku (tekutina vyte\u010den\u00e1 z tela) n\u00e1jde v\u00edrusov\u00e1 RNA, napr\u00edklad pomocou reverznej transkrip\u010dnej polymer\u00e1zovej re\u0165azovej reakcie (RT-PCR). To si v\u0161ak vy\u017eaduje zaslanie vzorky do extern\u00e9ho veterin\u00e1rneho laborat\u00f3ria. Viacer\u00e9 diagnostick\u00e9 met\u00f3dy dostupn\u00e9 vo veterin\u00e1rnej nemocnici m\u00f4\u017eu r\u00fdchlo vyl\u00fa\u010di\u0165 diagn\u00f3zu bujnej\u00facej FIP, vr\u00e1tane:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Skontrolujte celkov\u00fd obsah bielkov\u00edn vo v\u00fdpotku; ak je ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ako 35 g\/l, je FIP ve\u013emi nepravdepodobn\u00e1.<\/li>\n
  2. Stanovte pomer album\u00ednu ku globul\u00ednu vo v\u00fdpotku; ak je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ako 0,8, FIP je vyl\u00fa\u010den\u00e1; ak je ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ako 0,4, FIP je potenci\u00e1lne diagnostikovate\u013en\u00fd, ale neist\u00fd stav.<\/li>\n
  3. Skontrolujte bunky vo v\u00fdpotku; ak v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu z nich tvoria lymfocyty (typ bielych krviniek), diagn\u00f3za FIP je vyl\u00fa\u010den\u00e1.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Diagnostika neefekt\u00edvnej FIP<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Ke\u010f\u017ee klinick\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky neefekt\u00edvnej FIP b\u00fdvaj\u00fa nejednozna\u010dnej\u0161ie a variabilnej\u0161ie ako pr\u00edznaky efuz\u00edvnej FIP, zoznam diferenci\u00e1lnych diagn\u00f3z je podstatne dlh\u0161\u00ed. Ak s\u00fa splnen\u00e9 nasleduj\u00face podmienky, mala by sa vzia\u0165 do \u00favahy diagn\u00f3za neefekt\u00edvnej FIP:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Pozadie: Ko\u010dka je mlad\u00e1 (mlad\u0161ia ako 2 roky) a \u010distokrvn\u00e1; rodokme\u0148ov\u00e9 ma\u010diatka predstavuj\u00fa takmer 70 % pr\u00edpadov FIP.<\/li>\n
    2. Predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face udalosti: ma\u010dka bola v strese z d\u00f4vodu ned\u00e1vnej kastr\u00e1cie alebo o\u010dkovania<\/li>\n
    3. Minulos\u0165: Ma\u010dka mohla dosta\u0165 FCoV v d\u00f4sledku r\u00f4znych faktorov vr\u00e1tane toho, \u017ee poch\u00e1dza z chovnej alebo z\u00e1chrannej stanice alebo \u017ee sa ned\u00e1vno zozn\u00e1mila s \u010distokrvn\u00fdm ma\u010diatkom alebo ma\u010dkou.<\/li>\n
    4. Medzi klinick\u00e9 ukazovatele patria vn\u00fatroo\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky, anorexia, jedenie menej ako zvy\u010dajne, nepriberanie na v\u00e1he, nepriberanie na v\u00e1he, anorexia a \u017elta\u010dka.<\/li>\n
    5. Hypergamaglobulin\u00e9mia; zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd bilirub\u00edn bez zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch pe\u010de\u0148ov\u00fdch enz\u00fdmov.<\/li>\n
    6. Lymfop\u00e9nia s neregenerat\u00edvnou, zvy\u010dajne stredne \u0165a\u017ekou an\u00e9miou.<\/li>\n
    7. S\u00e9rol\u00f3gia: Vzh\u013eadom na vysok\u00fd v\u00fdskyt FCoV v chovn\u00fdch a z\u00e1chrann\u00fdch chovoch by sa tento parameter mal pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 opatrne.
      \nMa\u010dka vykazuje vysok\u00fd titer protil\u00e1tok proti FCoV.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Ak je ma\u010dka s\u00e9ronegat\u00edvna, neefekt\u00edvnu FIP mo\u017eno ako diagn\u00f3zu vyl\u00fa\u010di\u0165, ak m\u00e1 test na protil\u00e1tky ve\u013ek\u00fa citlivos\u0165. V \u0161t\u00fadii, ktor\u00e1 sk\u00famala viacer\u00e9 komer\u010dne dostupn\u00e9 intern\u00e9 testy na protil\u00e1tky proti FCoV, sa uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee test FCoV Immunocomb (Biogal), r\u00fdchly imunochromatografick\u00fd (RIM) test Speed F-Corona (Virbac) a najr\u00fdchlej\u0161\u00ed RIM test na infek\u010dn\u00fa peritonit\u00eddu ma\u010diek (MegaCor Diagnostic) maj\u00fa 100 % citlivos\u0165. Vzh\u013eadom na dva r\u00f4zne hlavn\u00e9 typy FIP by majitelia ma\u010diek mali ma\u0165 viac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o tejto t\u00e9me, aby vedeli, ako lep\u0161ie lie\u010di\u0165 svoje ma\u010dky v najhor\u0161om pr\u00edpade. Ak sa riadne nevzdel\u00e1vaj\u00fa o r\u00f4znych typoch FIP, m\u00f4\u017eu sa poradi\u0165 so svoj\u00edm veterin\u00e1rnym lek\u00e1rom, aby na\u0161li spr\u00e1vny sp\u00f4sob lie\u010dby FIP<\/a> svojej ma\u010dky<\/a>.<\/p>\n

      O\u010dn\u00e1 FIP<\/strong><\/h1>\n

      Tento typ FIP m\u00f4\u017ee u ma\u010diek sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 v\u00e1\u017ene komplik\u00e1cie, preto\u017ee prenik\u00e1 aj cez krvn\u00fa bari\u00e9ru oka.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Krvn\u00e1 bari\u00e9ra o\u010d\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Krvn\u00e1 bari\u00e9ra o\u010d\u00ed u ma\u010diek je d\u00f4le\u017eitou ochrannou bari\u00e9rou proti \u0161\u00edreniu FIP. T\u00e1to bari\u00e9ra sa sklad\u00e1 z buniek, ktor\u00e9 vystielaj\u00fa predn\u00fa o\u010dn\u00fa komoru, a tieto bunky zabra\u0148uj\u00fa prenikaniu patog\u00e9nov do tejto citlivej oblasti a sp\u00f4sobeniu z\u00e1palu. Hoci to v\u00edrusu, ako je FCoV, s\u0165a\u017euje pr\u00edstup k o\u010dn\u00fdm \u0161trukt\u00faram, pri chronickom z\u00e1pale m\u00f4\u017ee d\u00f4js\u0165 k po\u0161kodeniu bari\u00e9r. Uk\u00e1zalo sa, \u017ee inhib\u00edtory prote\u00e1z, ako je GC376, nie s\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 pri prekon\u00e1van\u00ed bari\u00e9ry medzi krvou a okom, \u010do ich rob\u00ed menej u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fdmi pri lie\u010dbe pr\u00edpadov, ke\u010f m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 o\u010dn\u00e9 \u0161trukt\u00fary postihnut\u00e9 FIP. Aby sa makrof\u00e1gy s v\u00edrusov\u00fdmi \u010dasticami dostali do o\u010dn\u00fdch \u0161trukt\u00far, musia najprv prekona\u0165 t\u00fato vrstvu; bez \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9ho prechodu cez ka\u017ed\u00fa \u010fal\u0161iu vrstvu nem\u00f4\u017ee d\u00f4js\u0165 k prenosu choroby.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Ako sa such\u00e1 FIP vyvinie na o\u010dn\u00fa FIP<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Such\u00e1 FIP je smrte\u013enej\u0161ia forma ochorenia a m\u00f4\u017ee potenci\u00e1lne prejs\u0165 do o\u010dnej FIP pribli\u017ene u tretiny ma\u010diek trpiacich t\u00fdmto typom. Pri okul\u00e1rnej FIP alebo uveit\u00edde vznikaj\u00fa o\u010dn\u00e9 l\u00e9zie v d\u00f4sledku oslabenia bari\u00e9ry medzi krvou a okom sp\u00f4soben\u00e9ho v\u00edrusom. To vedie k zv\u00fd\u0161enej hladine gluk\u00f3zy, ktor\u00e1 sp\u00f4sobuje opuch a z\u00e1pal o\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Neurologick\u00e1 FIP<\/strong><\/h1>\n

      Such\u00e1 FIP sa m\u00f4\u017ee vyvin\u00fa\u0165 aj do najnebezpe\u010dnej\u0161ej formy FIP, neurologickej FIP.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Krvn\u00e1 bari\u00e9ra mozgu<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Hematoencefalick\u00e1 bari\u00e9ra (BBB) je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 vrstva tvoren\u00e1 \u0161peci\u00e1lnymi bunkami, ktor\u00e9 lemuj\u00fa steny drobn\u00fdch ciev v mozgu a jeho okol\u00ed. T\u00e1to mimoriadne tesn\u00e1 bari\u00e9ra zohr\u00e1va z\u00e1sadn\u00fa \u00falohu pri ochrane n\u00e1\u0161ho centr\u00e1lneho nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu pred po\u0161koden\u00edm t\u00fdm, \u017ee blokuje potenci\u00e1lne toxick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky cirkuluj\u00face krvn\u00fdm obehom vr\u00e1tane syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch tox\u00ednov. Nie je preto prekvapuj\u00face, \u017ee ke\u010f je t\u00e1to bari\u00e9ra naru\u0161en\u00e1 v d\u00f4sledku r\u00f4znych ochoren\u00ed alebo infek\u010dn\u00fdch agensov, m\u00f4\u017eeme by\u0165 svedkami neurologick\u00fdch por\u00fach, ak\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu nasta\u0165 v d\u00f4sledku FIP. FIPV, ktor\u00e1 sp\u00f4sobuje intenz\u00edvnu z\u00e1palov\u00fa reakciu okolo ciev v r\u00f4znych tkaniv\u00e1ch vr\u00e1tane mozgu, je be\u017enou pr\u00ed\u010dinou zodpovednou za 45 – 50 % v\u0161etk\u00fdch pr\u00edpadov s\u00favisiacich s infekciou vyvolan\u00fdmi neurologick\u00fdmi ochoreniami u ma\u010diek. In\u00fdmi slovami, strata tohto d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00edtu m\u00f4\u017ee v\u00fdrazne zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 ich riziko vzniku neurologick\u00fdch komplik\u00e1ci\u00ed vypl\u00fdvaj\u00facich z infekcie FIPV a mala by v\u00e1\u017ene d\u00f4sledky na terapeutick\u00e9 z\u00e1sahy.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Ako sa such\u00e1 FIP vyvinie v neurologick\u00fa FIP<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Such\u00e1 FIP m\u00f4\u017ee v niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch prejs\u0165 do \u010fal\u0161ieho \u0161t\u00e1dia neurologickej FIP. Hustota a prolifer\u00e1cia cirkuluj\u00facich bielych krviniek a monocytov sa zvy\u0161uje s postupuj\u00facou suchou FIP. Tieto bunky sa trvale dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa do mozgovomiechov\u00e9ho moku, a\u017e k\u00fdm nevznikne z\u00e1palov\u00fd stav, ktor\u00fd vedie k neurologick\u00e9mu po\u0161kodeniu. Neurologick\u00e1 FIP postihuje predov\u0161etk\u00fdm nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m ma\u010dky, pri\u010dom naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edmi pr\u00edznakmi s\u00fa tras, \u0165a\u017ekosti pri ch\u00f4dzi (ataxia), du\u0161evn\u00e1 zm\u00e4tenos\u0165 a agres\u00edvne spr\u00e1vanie.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Ma\u010dacia infek\u010dn\u00e1 peritonit\u00edda (FIP) je be\u017en\u00e9 a smrte\u013en\u00e9 ochorenie ma\u010diek. Nielen\u017ee m\u00e1 viacero variantov a m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u010dku postihn\u00fa\u0165 r\u00f4znymi sp\u00f4sobmi. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku budeme hovori\u0165 o r\u00f4znych typoch FIP, ktor\u00e9 sa m\u00f4\u017eu prejavi\u0165. Typy FIP u ma\u010diek FIP sa m\u00f4\u017ee prejavova\u0165 tromi r\u00f4znymi sp\u00f4sobmi: vlhkou, v\u00fdtokovou, exsudat\u00edvnou formou; suchou, granulomat\u00f3znou, parenchymat\u00f3znou, nev\u00fdtokovou formou; a zmie\u0161anou […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":28436,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_glsr_average":0,"_glsr_ranking":0,"_glsr_reviews":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1169],"tags":[1170,1171],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fipmed.co\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28435"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fipmed.co\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fipmed.co\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fipmed.co\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fipmed.co\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28435"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/fipmed.co\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28435\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28440,"href":"https:\/\/fipmed.co\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28435\/revisions\/28440"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fipmed.co\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28436"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fipmed.co\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fipmed.co\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fipmed.co\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}