{"id":28513,"date":"2024-03-25T05:50:49","date_gmt":"2024-03-25T05:50:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fipmed.co\/feline-infectious-peritonitis-fip-risk-factors\/"},"modified":"2024-03-25T05:50:49","modified_gmt":"2024-03-25T05:50:49","slug":"feline-infectious-peritonitis-fip-risk-factors","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fipmed.co\/sk\/feline-infectious-peritonitis-fip-risk-factors\/","title":{"rendered":"Ko\u010di\u010dia infek\u010dn\u00e1 peritonit\u00edda: Rizikov\u00e9 faktory FIP"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa niektor\u00e9 rizikov\u00e9 faktory FIP?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Niektor\u00e9 ma\u010dky s\u00fa n\u00e1chylnej\u0161ie na FIP ako in\u00e9, hoci koronav\u00edrus, ktor\u00fd ho sp\u00f4sobuje, sa vyskytuje v\u0161ade. Ni\u017e\u0161ie s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 niektor\u00e9 rizikov\u00e9 faktory, ktor\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00fa riziko, \u017ee ma\u010dka dostane FIP. <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Vek<\/strong><\/p>\n

50 % ma\u010diek, u ktor\u00fdch sa vyvinie FIP, m\u00e1 menej ako 2 roky, tak\u017ee sa pravdepodobne infikovali ako ma\u010diatka, ke\u010f bol ich imunitn\u00fd syst\u00e9m pr\u00edli\u0161 mlad\u00fd na to, aby sa vyrovnal s infekciou FCoV. Mlad\u0161ie ma\u010dky a star\u0161ie ma\u010dky maj\u00fa \u010dasto nezrel\u00fd alebo oslaben\u00fd imunitn\u00fd syst\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd ich m\u00f4\u017ee vystavi\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iemu riziku vzniku FIP. Mlad\u00e9 ma\u010diatka tie\u017e mohli by\u0165 vystaven\u00e9 v\u00edrusu, ke\u010f boli v chovn\u00fdch staniciach alebo \u00fatulkoch.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Plemeno ako rizikov\u00e9 faktory FIP<\/strong><\/p>\n

Niektor\u00e9 plemen\u00e1, ako napr\u00edklad \u010distokrvn\u00e9 ma\u010dky alebo ma\u010dky z chovn\u00fdch stan\u00edc, m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 vystaven\u00e9 vy\u0161\u0161iemu riziku FIP. Zd\u00e1 sa, \u017ee perzsk\u00e9 ma\u010dky a pr\u00edbuzn\u00e9 plemen\u00e1 s\u00fa n\u00e1chylnej\u0161ie. Existuj\u00fa d\u00f4kazy, ktor\u00e9 nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee perzsk\u00e9 ma\u010dky s\u00fa nosite\u013ekami „predispozi\u010dn\u00fdch alel“ pre toto ochorenie, ktor\u00e9 ich rob\u00ed zranite\u013en\u00fdmi, ke\u010f s\u00fa vystaven\u00e9 v\u00edrusu, ktor\u00fd sp\u00f4sobuje FIP. Ma\u010dky z chovov alebo \u010distokrvn\u00fdch l\u00edni\u00ed m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 na vznik FIP. Abes\u00ednske, beng\u00e1lske, birm\u00e1cke, himal\u00e1jske, ragdollsk\u00e9 a rexovsk\u00e9 ma\u010dky maj\u00fa v porovnan\u00ed s ostatn\u00fdmi ma\u010dkami v\u00fdrazne vy\u0161\u0161ie riziko ochorenia. Zistilo sa, \u017ee aj in\u00e9 plemen\u00e1 ma\u010diek vr\u00e1tane barmsk\u00fdch, exotick\u00fdch kr\u00e1tkosrst\u00fdch, manxov, perzsk\u00fdch a rusk\u00fdch modr\u00fdch s\u00fa n\u00e1chylnej\u0161ie na FIP v d\u00f4sledku genetiky a ich v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho vystavenia v chovn\u00fdch programoch. Predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee ur\u010dit\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 faktory spojen\u00e9 s perzsk\u00fdmi ma\u010dkami (a s nimi spojen\u00fdmi plemenami) sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa, \u017ee s\u00fa o nie\u010do menej schopn\u00e9 ako in\u00e9 druhy ma\u010diek kontrolova\u0165 v\u00edrus, ktor\u00fd sp\u00f4sobuje FIP, a preto s\u00fa n\u00e1chylnej\u0161ie na infekciu, ak sa s n\u00edm dostan\u00fa do kontaktu. <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Preplnen\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00e9 podmienky<\/strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ma\u010dky, ktor\u00e9 \u017eij\u00fa v preplnenom alebo stresuj\u00facom prostred\u00ed, ako s\u00fa dom\u00e1cnosti s viacer\u00fdmi ma\u010dkami alebo \u00fatulky, m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 vystaven\u00e9 vy\u0161\u0161iemu riziku n\u00e1kazy ma\u010dac\u00edm koronav\u00edrusom, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 pravdepodobnos\u0165 vzniku FIP. Medzi rizikov\u00e9 faktory FIP s\u00favisiace so \u017eivotom v preplnen\u00fdch podmienkach patr\u00ed tesn\u00e1 bl\u00edzkos\u0165 s in\u00fdmi ma\u010dkami, spolo\u010dn\u00e9 zdroje (ako s\u00fa misky na jedlo, z\u00e1chody a postele) a oslaben\u00fd imunitn\u00fd syst\u00e9m v d\u00f4sledku stresu. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm faktorom prenosu je kontakt s in\u00fdmi ma\u010dkami, preto\u017ee infikovan\u00e9 ma\u010dky vylu\u010duj\u00fa v\u00edrus do svojich sl\u00edn alebo v\u00fdkalov. \u00dazky kontakt medzi ma\u010dkami umo\u017e\u0148uje \u013eah\u0161ie \u0161\u00edrenie v\u00edrusu. V dom\u00e1cnostiach s viacer\u00fdmi ma\u010dkami a v \u00fatulkoch je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 pravdepodobnos\u0165 prenosu presadzovan\u00edm spr\u00e1vnych hygienick\u00fdch postupov, ako je dezinfekcia povrchov \u010distiacim prostriedkom pre dom\u00e1cnos\u0165 a pravideln\u00e9 um\u00fdvanie r\u00fak medzi hladkan\u00edm r\u00f4znych ma\u010diek. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je tie\u017e podporova\u0165 zdrav\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie ma\u010diek vr\u00e1tane poskytovania dostato\u010dn\u00e9ho priestoru pre ka\u017ed\u00fa ma\u010dku, aby nebojovali o \u00fazemie. V pr\u00edpade potreby pou\u017eite opatrenia na kontrolu \u0161kodcov, ako s\u00fa pr\u00edpravky na prevenciu proti blch\u00e1m, a pon\u00faknite obohacuj\u00face aktivity, ako s\u00fa hra\u010dky\/jed\u00e1le\u0148\/lezeck\u00e1 ve\u017ea at\u010f. Uistite sa, \u017ee ma\u010dky s\u00fa k\u0155men\u00e9 rovnako, bez toho, aby sa museli „bi\u0165“ o jedlo, a zabezpe\u010dte im pohodln\u00e9 miesta na odpo\u010dinok.<\/p>\n

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Genetika<\/strong><\/p>\n

Niektor\u00e9 ma\u010dky m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 genetick\u00fa predispoz\u00edciu, ktor\u00e1 ich rob\u00ed n\u00e1chylnej\u0161\u00edmi na vznik FIP. M\u00f4\u017ee to s\u00favisie\u0165 s ich imunitn\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom alebo schopnos\u0165ou kontrolova\u0165 ma\u010dac\u00ed koronav\u00edrus. Genetick\u00e1 v\u00fdbava ma\u010dky ju m\u00f4\u017ee urobi\u0165 zranite\u013enej\u0161ou vo\u010di infekcii bu\u010f t\u00fdm, \u017ee nedok\u00e1\u017ee rozpozna\u0165 a br\u00e1ni\u0165 sa napadnutiu v\u00edrusov\u00fdmi \u010dasticami, alebo t\u00fdm, \u017ee jej bunkov\u00e9 membr\u00e1ny s\u00fa menej odoln\u00e9 vo\u010di v\u00edrusu. M\u00f4\u017eu tie\u017e sp\u00f4sobi\u0165, \u017ee ur\u010dit\u00e9 bunky ma\u010diek bud\u00fa n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 na imunitn\u00fa reakciu, ktor\u00e1 vyvol\u00e1 z\u00e1pal ved\u00faci k \u010fal\u0161iemu po\u0161kodeniu tkaniva. Okrem toho niektor\u00e9 ma\u010dky m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 nedostato\u010dn\u00fa schopnos\u0165 kontrolova\u0165 replik\u00e1ciu nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho kme\u0148a ma\u010dacieho koronav\u00edrusu spojen\u00e9ho s FIP, \u010d\u00edm sa zvy\u0161uje ich n\u00e1chylnos\u0165 na vznik tohto ochorenia. <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Stres<\/strong><\/p>\n

Stres negat\u00edvne ovplyv\u0148uje imunitn\u00fd syst\u00e9m ma\u010diek a zni\u017euje ich schopnos\u0165 bojova\u0165 proti infekci\u00e1m. Ma\u010dky m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 vystresovan\u00e9, ke\u010f sa u nich vyskytne ak\u00e1ko\u013evek v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 zmena prostredia alebo rutiny, ako napr\u00edklad s\u0165ahovanie alebo zozn\u00e1menie sa s nov\u00fdm dom\u00e1cim zviera\u0165om. Ke\u010f je ma\u010dka vystaven\u00e1 stresorom, jej telo uvo\u013e\u0148uje horm\u00f3ny, ktor\u00e9 potl\u00e1\u010daj\u00fa produkciu a funkciu ur\u010dit\u00fdch imunitn\u00fdch buniek. To sp\u00f4sobuje zn\u00ed\u017eenie celkovej v\u00fdkonnosti imunitn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu ma\u010dky, \u010d\u00edm sa st\u00e1va n\u00e1chylnej\u0161ou nielen na FIP, ale aj na in\u00e9 ochorenia alebo choroby, napr\u00edklad sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 parazitmi a bakt\u00e9riami. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina ma\u010diek, u ktor\u00fdch sa FIP vyvinie, bola v minulosti nieko\u013eko t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov a\u017e mesiacov pred vznikom FIP vystaven\u00e1 stresu. Poskytovanie aktiv\u00edt na obohatenie prostredia a minimalizovanie potenci\u00e1lnych zdrojov stresu preto m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 n\u00e1chylnos\u0165 va\u0161ich dom\u00e1cich mil\u00e1\u010dikov na toto ochorenie. <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Stav imunitn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu<\/strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ma\u010dky s oslaben\u00fdm imunitn\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom, ako napr\u00edklad ma\u010dky s v\u00edrusom ma\u010dacej leuk\u00e9mie (FeLV) alebo v\u00edrusom imunodeficiencie ma\u010diek (FIV), maj\u00fa vy\u0161\u0161ie riziko vzniku FIP. FeLV a FIV s\u00fa v\u00edrusov\u00e9 infekcie, ktor\u00e9 postihuj\u00fa ma\u010dky a ktor\u00e9 nap\u00e1daj\u00fa imunitn\u00fd syst\u00e9m ma\u010dky. V d\u00f4sledku toho maj\u00fa ma\u010dky s oslaben\u00fdm imunitn\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom v d\u00f4sledku niektor\u00e9ho z t\u00fdchto v\u00edrusov \u010dasto probl\u00e9my bojova\u0165 s in\u00fdmi chorobami alebo ochoreniami vr\u00e1tane FIP. Ma\u010dky so z\u00e1kladn\u00fdmi ochoreniami, ako je FeLV alebo FIV, m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 menej schopn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinne reagova\u0165 proti koronav\u00edrusovej infekcii, ke\u010f s\u00fa jej vystaven\u00e9, a je pravdepodobnej\u0161ie, \u017ee pod\u013eahn\u00fa rozvoju ochorenia. Najlep\u0161\u00ed sp\u00f4sob, ako m\u00f4\u017eu rodi\u010dia zvierat minimalizova\u0165 riziko vzniku FIP u svojej ma\u010dky, je pozna\u0165 jej zdravotn\u00fd stav. Pravideln\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161tevy u veterin\u00e1rneho lek\u00e1ra by mali zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165 d\u00f4kladn\u00e9 vy\u0161etrenie celkov\u00e9ho zdravotn\u00e9ho stavu v\u00e1\u0161ho dom\u00e1ceho zviera\u0165a vr\u00e1tane testov na tieto v\u00edrusy, aby ste mohli v\u010das odhali\u0165 ak\u00e9ko\u013evek pr\u00edznaky a v pr\u00edpade potreby poskytn\u00fa\u0165 va\u0161ej ma\u010dke n\u00e1le\u017eit\u00fa starostlivos\u0165 a lie\u010dbu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa niektor\u00e9 rizikov\u00e9 faktory FIP? Niektor\u00e9 ma\u010dky s\u00fa n\u00e1chylnej\u0161ie na FIP ako in\u00e9, hoci koronav\u00edrus, ktor\u00fd ho sp\u00f4sobuje, sa vyskytuje v\u0161ade. Ni\u017e\u0161ie s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 niektor\u00e9 rizikov\u00e9 faktory, ktor\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00fa riziko, \u017ee ma\u010dka dostane FIP.   Vek 50 % ma\u010diek, u ktor\u00fdch sa vyvinie FIP, m\u00e1 menej ako 2 roky, tak\u017ee sa pravdepodobne infikovali ako […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":28514,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_glsr_average":0,"_glsr_ranking":0,"_glsr_reviews":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1175],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fipmed.co\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28513"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fipmed.co\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fipmed.co\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fipmed.co\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fipmed.co\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28513"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fipmed.co\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28513\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fipmed.co\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28514"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fipmed.co\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28513"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fipmed.co\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28513"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fipmed.co\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28513"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}